Bogdanov A. Empiriomonism. Articles on philosophy. In 3 books. Lifetime edition.

Bogdanov A. Empiriomonism. Articles on philosophy. In 3 books. Lifetime edition.
St. Petersburg, Russia. Printing house Of the society for the distribution of useful books, rented By V. I. Voronov [I volume], electric Printing company "Delo" [II, III volumes], 1905-1906. - 188 p.; 184 p.; XLVIII, 160, [2] p. Hardcover combined owner's binding without saving publishing covers, slightly enlarged format (15.5 x 22.5 cm). Worn cover, soiled edge, slightly arched cap cover; a rare time and household stains on pages; rusty staples; planned split block, the nachsatz.

[Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov (real name-Malinovsky, other pseudonyms-Werner, Maximov, Private; August 10 (22), 1873, Sokolka, Grodno province — April 7, 1928, Moscow)-Russian scientist-encyclopedist, revolutionary figure, doctor, utopian thinker, science fiction writer, one of the largest ideologists of socialism. Member of the RSDLP in 1896-1909, Bolshevik, since 1905 member of the Central Committee. Organizer of the Forward group and the RSDLP party schools in Capri and Bologna. In 1911, he retired from active political activity and focused on developing his ideas about new Sciences-tectology, and the" science of public consciousness"; anticipated some of the provisions of the system approach and Cybernetics. In 1918-1920 — ideologist of the Proletkult. Since 1926-organizer and Director of the world's first Institute of blood transfusion; died while making an experiment.

Empiriomonism ("Empiriomonism") is a fundamental philosophical work by Alexander Bogdanov, published by him in 1906 in Saint Petersburg. The book is an attempt to synthesize Marxism and positivism. She was sharply criticized by the author's colleagues (Lenin and Plekhanov) for revisionism and subjective idealism.

Bogdanov defines modernity as the "age of criticism" that began with the Renaissance. The essence of criticism is in the "great liberation movement of the human spirit" from fetishes and "dogmatic thinking". This criticism is inextricably linked to progress. In philosophy, Bogdanov relies on empirio-criticism as a "modern form of positivism", without contrasting it, however, with materialism and Marxism. The only reality of a person is experience, and the meaning of knowledge is "adaptation" to reality and systematization of experience. Experience has two areas: physical (external) and mental (internal). However, this dualism (duality) of experience Bogdanov wants to overcome in monism.

He sees the first step to overcoming the duality of experience in recognizing the dependence of the psychic world on the physical nervous system.

The second is the collective nature of experience, which excludes the randomness of individual perceptions. Using the example of abstract space and time, he proves that a priori forms are forms of experience and are formed in the process of interaction between man and the world. The condition for forming objectivity (or General significance) is "communication with other people", that is, "social experience". Thus, the physical world is the result of a socially organized mental experience. However, the achievement of a "monistic worldview" is hindered by the fragmentation of society into classes and the antagonism between them. The monism of experience took place in "primitive society" and will take place under communism. However, on the ways of integrating experience, there are such dead ends as Hellenism and philistinism, which sin with eclecticism. Therefore, Bogdanov considers truth as an ideological form of organizing experience. Ideology can either slow down progress ("the feudal Catholic culture of modern Spain"), or force it. Ideological forms provide implementation of technical forms (human interaction with nature).]