"Spain", Photo Album of the Spanish Civil War by Ilya Ehrenburg – Both Volumes, Leningrad, 1937 – Designed by El ...

"Spain", Photo Album of the Spanish Civil War by Ilya Ehrenburg – Both Volumes, Leningrad, 1937 – Designed by El Lissitzky and Yevgeny Golyakhovsky

Испания [Spain], photo album by Ilya Ehrenburg. [Moscow-Leningrad]: ОГИЗ-ИЗОГИЗ, 1937. Russian. Two parts in two volumes.

An album documenting the early days of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. The two parts contain a total of 185 photographs by Ilya Ehrenburg, Robert Capa, David Seymour ("Chim") and other photographers, as well as reproductions of over twenty anti-fascist posters displayed in Spain during this period. Alongside the images are articles and various texts by Ilya Ehrenburg, who served as a correspondent for the official Soviet newspaper, "Izvestia" (Известия), and documented in real-time the main events that occurred during the Civil War, the political and social dynamics, and the effects of the conflict on the lives of Spanish citizens.

The design of the first volume was done by Yevgeny Golyakhovsky (Евгений Николаевич Голяховский; 1902-1971), a Soviet artist of Georgian origin, who worked on designing and illustrating book covers, posters, and advertisements. The design of the second volume is by El Lissitzky and his wife Sophie Küppers-Lissitzky.

The first volume presents the tensions and instability in Republican Spain until July 18, 1936; the cover is printed in red with the slogan "UHP" ["Unite Proletarian Brothers"]. The second volume presents the events in the first period after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, from July to December 1936; its cover is printed in red with the cry heard during the siege of Madrid "No pasarán!" [They shall not pass!].

Vol. I: 102, [2] pages + errata slip tipped in to the last page. Vol. II: 151, [1] pages. 30.5 cm. Good-fair condition. Stains and minor blemishes. Several detached leaves in Vol. I. Stains and wear to bindings; tears to spine of Vol. I.

MoMA 1071.

El (Eliezer Lazar Markovich) Lissitzky (Лазарь Маркович "Эль" Лисицкий; 1890-1941), Jewish-Russian artist, designer, photographer, teacher, typographer and architect, one of the most prominent and important members of the Russian avant-garde.

Lissitzky, an architect by training, contributed much, together with his teacher and friend Kazimir Malevich, to the conceptualization and development of the Suprematism movement – the abstract art focused on geometric forms. He also designed numerous books and journals, exhibitions, and propaganda posters for the communist regime in Russia and influenced the Bauhaus and Constructivist movements in Europe. In his early days, Lissitzky showed much interest in the Jewish culture and many of his works integrated Jewish motifs (during the years 1915-1916, he took part in the ethnographic expedition headed by S. An-sky to various Jewish settlements). Wanting to promote Jewish culture in Russia after the revolution, he became engaged in designing and illustrating Yiddish children's books, creating several children's books which are considered pioneering masterpieces due to their graphics and typography. However, several years later, he abandoned the Jewish motifs in favor of developing a more abstract and universal artistic language.

In 1921, Lissitzky moved to Germany, where he served as the Russian cultural ambassador, engaged in forming connections between Russian and German artists and continued to design books and journals; there he also created some of his most well-known works in the field of book design, including the issues of the journal "Veshch/Gegenstand/Objet", which he founded together with the writer Ilya Ehrenburh and a volume of poetry by Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Lissitzky, who perceived books as immortal artifacts, "monuments of the future" by his definition, used the medium as a tool for spreading the messages of avant-garde and his artistic perception, as indicated by the variety of books in whose design, production or illustration he took part – beginning with children's books and books of poetry and ending with catalogs, guidebooks and research books.

Lissitzky died in Moscow at the age of 51. In his final years, his artistic work was dedicated mainly to soviet propaganda; yet it seems that the same worldview accompanied his works throughout his life – the belief in goal-oriented creation (Zielbewußte Schaffen, the German term he coined) and the power of art to influence and bring about change.

Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg (Илья Григорьевич Эренбург; 1891-1967), a prolific Soviet-Jewish writer, was a master of many literary genres, including novels, satire, poetry, and essays. He was also a renowned journalist. Born into a Jewish family in Kiev, Ehrenburg’s work, while not overtly focused on Jewish themes, delved deeply into various facets of Soviet society. His journalistic writings during World War II had a profound impact on the Soviet

populace, earning him recognition from the authorities.